Salidroside Regulates the miRNA-1343-3p/MAP3K6/MMP24 Signaling Molecules to Inhibit Proliferation and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of salidroside in regulating the miR-1343-3p/MAP3K6 （mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 6）/MMP24 （membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 24） signaling pathway to inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration. MethodsHuman gastric cancer cells （MGC-803） were divided into several groups based on different salidroside concentrations： a control group （0 μmol/mL）， a low-dose group （6 μmol/mL）， a medium-dose group （12 μmol/mL）， and a high-dose group （24 μmol/mL）. The anti proliferative effects of salidroside on human gastric cancer cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Clonogenic assay was used to examine the effects of salidroside drugs on the clonogenic ability of human gastric cancer cells. Transwell assay was performed to detect the effect of salidroside on the invasive ability of human gastric cancer cells. Cell scratch assay was performed to detect the effect of salidroside on the migration ability of human gastric cancer cells. The miRNA expression profile was analyzed by using RNA-seq in cancer cells for 24 h after salidroside treatment. The differentially expressed miRNAs were clustered and their target genes were predicted. Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） were used to analyze and predict the functions of these target genes， and the interaction networks were established. Immunocytofluorescence was used to detect the expression of target proteins， and the transcription of candidate genes was detected by q-PCR. ResultsCCK-8 cytotoxicity experiments showed that salidroside inhibited the proliferation of MGC-803 cells （P < 0.01）. Cell cloning experiments showed that salidroside reduced the clonal formation capacity of MGC-803 cells （P < 0.000 1）. Cell invasion experiments showed that salidroside reduced the MGC-803 cell invasion capacity （P < 0.000 1）. Cell scratch experiments showed that salidroside reduced the cell migration capacity （P < 0.000 1）. RNA-seq findings showed that the expression of 44 miRNAs changed significantly after salidroside treatment in cancer cells （P < 0.05）. Bioinformatic analysis showed that there were 1 384 target mRNAs corresponding to the differentially expressed miRNAs， and the expression of the tumor suppressor miR-1343-3p was significantly upregulated after salidroside treatment （P < 0.01），and resulted in down-regulated transcription of MAP3K6 and MMP24 genes which are related to the proliferation and migration of cancer cells （P < 0.05）. Immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that salidroside reduced protein expression levels in MAP3K6 and MMP24 genes （P < 0.000 1）. q-PCR experiments showed that salidroside reduced the mRNA expression level of MAP3K6 and MMP24 genes （P < 0.000 1）， while miRNA expression in miR-1343-3p gene was upregulated （P < 0.000 1）. ConclusionSalidroside regulates the miRNA-1343-3p/MAP3K6/MMP24 signaling molecules to inhibit proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs and Glycolysis in Digestive System Tumors / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

Long noncoding RNAs （LncRNAs）， a class of noncoding RNAs greater than 200 bases in length， are widely involved in the initiation， progression and glycolytic processes of many tumors， and can act as competitive endogenous RNA sponges to absorb miRNAs. LncRNAs can also inhibit miRNA expression， thereby regulate the glycolysis of tumor cells， affects cell proliferation， invasion and other biological activities. This review explores the roles of LncRNAs and glycolysis in digestive system tumors （DST）， a representative group of malignant tumors. Extending the LncRNA role in the diagnosis， treatment and prognosis of other tumors， we conclude that LncRNAs have the potential to be new candidate genes for tumorigenesis and serve as tumor biomarkers， which provides new insight into morbidity and mortality decrease of DST and other tumors.

Screening and analysis of prognostic factors of repairing single missing tooth by autotransplantation of teeth / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To screen and analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of replacing single missing tooth by autograft tooth, so as to provide reference for clinical judgment of surgical prognosis. Methods: A total of 176 patients (188 teeth) underwent autotransplantation of teeth in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019, including 85 teeth of males and 103 teeth of females were involved. The age was (33.0±9.8) years (16-65 years). The possible factors affecting the prognosis of replacing single missing tooth by autograft tooth were summarized and grouped, and the clinical and imaging data were recorded and judged. The surgical records and photographic data from the patients' previous medical records were retrospectively analyzed. The survival analysis method was used for statistical analysis to screen out the factors affecting the cumulative survival rate of transplanted teeth. Results: The 5-year cumulative survival rate of 188 transplanted teeth was 88.4%. Univariate Log-Rank analysis showed that age (P<0.001), sex (P=0.008), smoking (P<0.001), position of recipient area (P<0.001), height of alveolar bone in recipient area (P<0.001), time of donor tooth in vitro (P<0.001), use of donor model (P<0.001) and initial stability (P<0.001) were significantly correlated with cumulative survival rate of transplanted teeth. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that smoking (β=-2.812, P=0.049), alveolar bone height (β=1.521, P=0.020), donor time (β=-2.001, P=0.019), use of donor model (β=1.666, P=0.034) and initial stability (β=-1.417, P=0.033) were significantly correlated with the cumulative survival rate of transplanted teeth. Conclusions: The prognosis of autogenous tooth transplantation can be predicted by smoking, height of alveolar bone in recipient area, time of donor teeth in vitro, use of donor model and initial stability. Good prognosis of transplanted teeth can be obtained by using donor model during operation, reducing the time of donor teeth in vitro, taking effective methods to restore alveolar bone height, maintaining good initial stability, and good oral health education after operation.

Identification of pathogenic variant and preimplantation genetic testing for a Chinese family affected with osteogenesis imperfecta / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To identify the pathogenic variant for a husband with osteogenesis imperfecta and provide preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for the couple.@*METHODS@#High-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out to identify the pathologic variant in the husband patients. PGT of embryos was performed through direct detection of the mutation site. Meanwhile, chromosome aneuploidy of the blastocysts was screened. Following transplantation, cytogenetic and genetic testing of fetal amniotic fluid sample was carried out during mid-pregnancy. Chromosome copy number variant (CNV) was detected at multiple sites of the placenta after delivery.@*RESULTS@#The husband was found to harbor heterozygous c.544-2A>G variant of the COL1A1 gene. The same variant was not detected in either of his parents. PGT revealed that out of three embryos of the couple, one was wild-type for the c.544-2A site but mosaicism for duplication of 16p13.3.11.2. The other two embryos were both heterozygous for the c.544-2A>G variant. Following adequate genetic counseling, the wild-type embryo was transplanted. Amniotic fluid testing confirmed that the fetus had normal chromosomes and did not carry the c.544-2A>G variant. The copy number of chromosomes at different parts of placenta was normal after birth.@*CONCLUSION@#For couples affected with monogenic disorders, e.g., osteogenesis imperfecta, direct detection of the mutation site may be used for PGT after identifying the pathogenic variant. After adequate genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis must be carried out to ensure the result.

A qualitative study of depressed inpatients participating in mindfulness therapy experience / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the process of how depressed patients regulate themselves around the cores of mindfulness therapy-cognition, non-judgement and living in the present.Methods:The phenomenology of the qualitative research was adopted. The themes are analyzed, organized and refined through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 depressed patients, and using the Cloaizzi 7-step analysis.Results:A total of four themes are analyzed: multiple psychological experiences, mindfulness therapy to change thinking patterns, to promote self-identity, and to form self-coping strategies.Conclusions:Depressed patients are often passive and affected by negative emotions and automatic thoughts when they first participate in mindfulness therapy. Based on patients′ processual experience of participating in mindfulness therapy, health care professionals should focus on the patients′ self-regulation process and develop regulative strategies so as to help patients better understand and adapt to mindfulness therapy, reduce the recurrence of depression, and improve their qualities of life.

Clinical feature and pathogenic analysis of a fetus with split hand-foot malformation / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical feature of a fetus with split hand-foot malformation (SHFM) and to explore its etiology.@*METHODS@#Ultrasonographic finding of the fetus and X-ray examination of the abortus were reviewed. Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) of the fetus was analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Its parents were subjected to chromosomal karyotyping, NGS and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of genes from the region containing abnormal CNVs.@*RESULTS@#Ultrasonography and X-ray revealed that the right hand and both feet of the fetus were in a V-shape, which was suggestive of SFHM. The results of NGS revealed that the fetus has carried a 0.36 Mb deletion at 7q21.3 region. FISH and NGS analysis of both parents were normal. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR confirmed that the fetus carried a single copy of DYNC1I1 gene, while the copy numbers of SEM1, DLX5 and DLX6 genes were normal.@*CONCLUSION@#The 7q21.3 microdeletion probably underlies the SHFM of the fetus, which has a de novo origin.

Phenotype-genotype analysis and detection of gene variant in six families with osteogenesis imperfecta / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical phenotype of six pedigrees affected with osteogenesis imperfecta and their genetic basis.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood or abortic tissues of the six pedigrees were collected for the extraction of genomic DNA. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out to detect pathological variants in the genome. Sanger sequencing was used for validating suspected variant among the six pedigrees and 100 healthy controls.@*RESULTS@#In pedigree 1, the proband and his daughter both carried a heterozygous c.1976G>C variant of COL1A1. The probands in pedigrees 2 to 6 respectively carried heterozygous variants of c.2224G>A of COL1A2, c.2533G>A of COL1A1, c.2845G>A of COL1A2, c.2532_2540del of COL1A1, and c.1847G>A of COL1A2. The same variants were not detected in their parents and the 100 healthy controls.@*CONCLUSION@#Variants of COL1A1/2 gene probably underlie the pathogenesis for osteogenesis imperfecta in these pedigrees. Discovery of the nevol variants has enriched the spectrum of COL1A1/2 gene variants and facilitated genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for the affected pedigrees.

Genetic analysis of three fetusesaffected with cardiac rhabdomyomas / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To report on echocardiographic finding and genetic testing of three fetuses with cardiac rhabdomyoma.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the three fetuses was collected. High-throughput sequencing was carried out to analyze the whole exomes of the three fetuses. Suspected variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Multiple hyperechoic masses were found in both ventricles of the three fetuses, suggesting the presence of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma. Genetic testing revealed that fetus 1 carried a heterozygous c.740G>A (p.W247*) variant of the TSC1 gene, fetus 2 carried a previously known heterozygous c.3352C>T (p.Q1118*) variant of the TSC2 gene. Fetus 3 carried a previously known heterozygous c.1579C>T (p.Q527*) variant of the TSC1 gene. None of their parents carried the same variant. Literature review has identified 109 fetuses with relatively complete data. Cardiac rhabdomyomas in ventricles and ventricular septum was reported in 89, and multiple cardiac rhabdomyoma was reported in 79. Out of the 94 cases who underwent genetic testing, 74 have carried variants of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes.@*CONCLUSION@#Fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma may present as multiple hyperechoic intraventricular masses. Most of them are associated with other manifestation of tuberous sclerosis. Such cases may warrant prenatal genetic testing.

The application of privacy protection and artificial intelligence technology in the information auxiliary system of the prevention and control of COVID-19 / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective@#The outbreak of novel coronavirus raised many problems in the auxiliary information system of epidemic prevention and control, which including the need to prevent key data from being illegal modification, traceability, lack of decision support systems at different levels, barriers to cross regional cooperation and low automation of case diagnosis.@*Methods@#In this paper, artificial intelligence, security computing supporting privacy protection, block chain and other emerging technologies are introduced into the epidemic prevention and control auxiliary information system.@*Results@#This paper discusses how to utilize modern cryptography and block chain technology to establish a traceability system that could assure the security of epidemic information; design a distributed decision support system; solve the privacy-preserving problems of Federated Learning based on SGX technology, and present a group architecture to alleviate the performance cost of SGX.@*Conclusions@#The schemes above can help to achieve the security and traceability of epidemic information, also improve the automation and decision-making efficiency of the auxiliary information system for epidemic prevention and control.

Survival mechanism of free bone graft in calvarial defects using a murine model / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To study the mechanism of free bone graft survival in calvarial defects.Methods:We simulated the bone autograft reconstruction through transplanting green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice＇ cranium to the nude mice＇ calvarial bone defects. Then gross and histological evaluation were performed to calculate BTA (%) and GFP (%) in graft bone.Results:The results showed that the green fluorescence was getting disappeared from 4 to 24 weeks＇ post-operation. However, a small amount of green fluorescence remained at 24 weeks＇ post-operation (6.69% of the positive control group). In addition, the gross and histological evaluation indicated that the grafted bone survived well at different time points.Conclusions:The survival mechanism of free bone graft in cranium mainly relies on creeping substitution assisted with bony regeneration.

The application of privacy protection and artificial intelligence technology in the information auxiliary system of the prevention and control of COVID-19 / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:The outbreak of novel coronavirus raised many problems in the auxiliary information system of epidemic prevention and control, which including the need to prevent key data from being illegal modification, traceability, lack of decision support systems at different levels, barriers to cross regional cooperation and low automation of case diagnosis.Methods:In this paper, artificial intelligence, security computing supporting privacy protection, block chain and other emerging technologies are introduced into the epidemic prevention and control auxiliary information system.Results:This paper discusses how to utilize modern cryptography and block chain technology to establish a traceability system that could assure the security of epidemic information; design a distributed decision support system; solve the privacy-preserving problems of Federated Learning based on SGX technology, and present a group architecture to alleviate the performance cost of SGX.Conclusions:The schemes above can help to achieve the security and traceability of epidemic information, also improve the automation and decision-making efficiency of the auxiliary information system for epidemic prevention and control.

Investigation and analysis of the maternal delivery situation in Yunnan Province / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To understand the current situation of maternal health care in this area, and to provide basis for further improving the quality of maternal and child health care service in this area and in the western region of China.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 8 539 pregnant women from 10 hospitals in Yunnan Province was collected, including the general situation, the situation of medication and intervention during delivery, the mode of delivery and the outcome of delivery.@*Results@#Age (χ2=149.878, P<0.01), number of pregnancies (χ2=12.251, P<0.01), times of delivery (χ2=49.141, P<0.01), number of fetuses (χ2=18.580, P<0.01) and history of pregnancy (χ2=146.688, P<0.01)all affected the incidence of complications during parturition. And whether there are maternal complications will affect the situation of medication (χ2=131.959, P<0.01), induced labor (χ2=13.129, P<0.01) and the length of midwifery service in the delivery room (Z=-14.328, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Paying attention to the pregnant women with pregnancy complications/complications could help to reduce the maternal mortality rate, and provide the high-level health care for mothers and children in Yunnan Province and even in the western region of China.

Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a pedigree with 4p16 microduplication and 8p23 microdeletion / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Objective@#To explore the nature and origin of chromosomal copy number variants (CNVs) in a pedigree affected with mental retardation.@*Methods@#Genomic CNVs of the proband were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). Chromosomal karyotypes of the proband and his relatives were analyzed with high-resolution karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).@*Results@#Clinical phenotypes of the proband and other patients from the pedigree included mental retardation and mild dysmorphism. The results of NGS revealed that the proband carried a 16.24 Mb microduplication at 4p16.3-15.32 and a 2.2 Mb microdeletion at 8p23.3-23.2. Other patients of the pedigree harbored the same variants, while those without the phenotypes did not harbor the variants. The results of high-resolution karyotyping and FISH revealed that the mother of the proband carried a reciprocal translocation between 4p and 8p, and her karyotype was 46, XX, t(4; 8)(p16; p23). No karyotypic abnormality was detected in his father.@*Conclusion@#The abnormal phenotypes of this pedigree may be attributed to 4p microduplication in conjunct with 8p microdeletion derived from a maternal balanced translocation between 4p and 8p.

A study on the predictability of midwifery workforce demand in Yunnan province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To evaluate the demand for midwives in Yunnan province utilizing Birthrate Plus for planning and development of such workforce. Methods A convenient sample method was used to investigate 8435 maternal cases at 9 hospitals in Yunnan province in four months from 9 - 12 in 2017, and Birthrate Plus was used to calculate the demand for midwifery at each hospital. We also analyzed the two core elements of Birthrate Plus- maternal category allocation and midwife hours of each hospital. Results Maternal cases fall into five categories and maternal category allocation in hospitals is roughly the same;Maternal in higher category tended to need longer midwife hours; the average birthrate of 9 hospitals was (194. 22 ± 44. 84) case/ ( year·midwife). The number of midwives in two tertiary hospitals is obviously insufficient. Midwives at 7 secondary hospitals are more than predicted. Conclusions Midwives in Yunnan are generally faced with a large workload, especially at secondary hospitals, and midwives need to bear numerous non-midwifery workload beyond Birthrate Plus. Therefore, the Birthrate Plus can reflect the midwifery workload scientifically and reasonably in the current situation of midwifery work. But the predication for midwifery workforce requires a study of the ratio of midwifery work in the entire clinical work of the hospital.

Total pancreatic necrosis after organophosphate intoxication / 医学前沿

Cases of acute pancreatitis induced by organophosphate intoxication are encountered occasionally in clinics, but very few of them develop into severe pancreas necrosis and irreversible pancreatic function impairment. Here, we report a 47-year-old female organophosphate poisoning case after ingestion of massive insecticides; she was considered to have total necrosis and function failure of the pancreas via serum amylase test, glucose level test, and CT imaging. The patient exhibited no relief under the regular medicine treatment, which included sandostatin, antibiotics, intravenous atropine, and pralidoxime methiodide. She received percutaneous catheterization and drainage of pancreatic zone to expel hazardous necrotic waste, also by which the pathogenic evidence was obtained and the antibiotics were adjusted subsequently. The patient recovered gradually, was discharged after 2 weeks, and was prescribed with oral pancreatin capsules before meals and hypodermic insulin at meals and bedtime to compensate the impaired pancreatic function.

Phenotypic and genetic analysis of a pedigree with 4p16 microduplication and 8p23 microdeletion / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the nature and origin of chromosomal copy number variants (CNVs) in a pedigree affected with mental retardation.@*METHODS@#Genomic CNVs of the proband were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS). Chromosomal karyotypes of the proband and his relatives were analyzed with high-resolution karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).@*RESULTS@#Clinical phenotypes of the proband and other patients from the pedigree included mental retardation and mild dysmorphism. The results of NGS revealed that the proband carried a 16.24 Mb microduplication at 4p16.3-15.32 and a 2.2 Mb microdeletion at 8p23.3-23.2. Other patients of the pedigree harbored the same variants, while those without the phenotypes did not harbor the variants. The results of high-resolution karyotyping and FISH revealed that the mother of the proband carried a reciprocal translocation between 4p and 8p, and her karyotype was 46,XX,t(4;8)(p16;p23). No karyotypic abnormality was detected in his father.@*CONCLUSION@#The abnormal phenotypes of this pedigree may be attributed to 4p microduplication in conjunct with 8p microdeletion derived from a maternal balanced translocation between 4p and 8p.

Observation on time-effect for the stimulating at Zusanli (ST 36) with minimally invasive embedding with PGLA in the healthy person / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the objectivity and time-effect of stimulating effect at acupoint with PGLA in the healthy person, and to provide a basis for the rational interval of minimally invasive embedding of PGLA.@*METHODS@#Before embedding, 8 h, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th day after embedding, medical imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning technique was used to collect local T2WI pressure-lowering and T2-Mapping 8 echoes sequence image of left Zusanli (ST 36) in 8 cases of healthy person. The T2-Mapping 8 echoes sequence image was generated by the relevant software to the T2-Mapping image and the local T2 value was measured. The characteristics of local T2WI pressure-fat image signal intensity and the change of T2 value at left Zusanli (ST 36) with minimally invasive embedding with PGLA were observed and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#①There was no abnormal signal on the T2WI pressure-fat image on the left Zusanli (ST 36) point before the embedding. The high-signal was seen on the local T2WI pressure-fat image at each time point after embedding, there was no significant difference in local signal intensity between 8 h, 3rd and 7th day after embedding. The local signal intensity decreased on the 10th day after embedding, and the local signal intensity decreased significantly on the 14th day after embedding.②The T2 value at each time point after embedding increased significantly compared with that before embedding (all 0.05); there was no significant difference between the T2 value on the 7th and the 10th day after embedding (>0.05)，the T2 value on the 14th day after embedding was significantly lower than that on the 7th day after embedding (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#It has a stimulating effect on the local acupoints with minimally invasive embedding with PGLA in the healthy person, and the stimulating effect has certain time-effect. The effective stimulation time is about 2 weeks. The rational interval period for the minimally invasive embedding with the PGLA of the same specification type should be about 2 weeks.

Experimental study on increasing the volume of radiofrequency ablation of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia by low frequency ultrasound irradiation / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To evaluate the effect of low frequency ultrasound on the volume of the radiofrequency ablation lesion in canine hyperplasia prostate tissue.Methods A total of 9 experimental dogs were divided into three groups(3 in each group).Radiofrequency ablation was performed on the canine prostates.Low-frequency ultrasound was performed before the ablation of the experimental group.Radiofrequency ablation or low-frequency ultrasound was performed only in the control groups.Then all experiment animals underwent routine rectal examination,contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and MRI.The volume of prostate ablation lesions in enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was compared between the low-frequency ultrasound irradiation plus radiofrequency ablation group and the control group with radiofrequency ablation only.Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test to compare the differences between groups.Results Contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)performed immediately after low-frequency ultrasound irradiation showed that the time to peak of intra-prostatic contrast agent shortened,the maximum intensity decreased compared with those before irradiation [(28.55±10.88)s vs(14.81±5.15)s,t=2.796,P=0.0189],and the contrast agent duration increased [(2046.56±424.66)dB s vs(1454.82±458.12)dB s],the difference was statistically significant(t=2.32,P=0.0427).CEUS and MRI can accurately evaluate the size of the prostate radiofrequency ablation.The ablation volume of the experimental group after ablation was(1.27 ± 0.21)cm3in the experimental group,while the volume of the ablation group in the control group was(0.73±0.18)cm3,and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.382,P=0.0277); however,the other group which were only exposed to low-frequency ultrasound did not show lesions.Conclusion Low frequency ultrasound irradiation can effectively block the blood flow in proliferative prostatic tissue,and combined with radiofrequency ablation can effectively increase the volume of ablation.

A study on apoptosis of fermented fnonotus obliquus on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells / 医学研究生学报

Objective A variety of secondary metabolites can be obtained after the fermentation of medicinal fungi.The con-tent of these metabolites is much higher than that of cultivated medicinal fungi. We aimed to preliminarily study on the apoptosis of fer-mented Inonotus obliquus(FIO) on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells. Methods The experiment was divided into 3 groups:the control group(The same volume of drug-free medium),the UIO group(200 mg/L) and the FIO group(200 mg/L). The contents of polysaccharides,terpenoids and polyphenols in unfermented Inonotus Obliquus (UIO) and FIO were determined by sulfuric acid phenol method,Folin-Ciocalteu method and colorimetric method. Effects of Fermented Inonotus obliquus on apoptosis of HepG-2 Cells were measured by MTT Method and Flow Cytometry. Results The contents of polysaccharides,terpenoids and polyphenols were sig-nificantly increased in FIO group [(10.140±0.849)mg/mL,(1.774±0.001)mg/mL, (9.979±0.022)mg/mL] compared with thatin UIO group [(7.161±0.305)mg/mL,(1.358±0.004)mg/mL,(6.314±0.237)mg/mL](P<0.01). Both UIO and FIO group induced apoptosis of HepG-2 cells according to Annexin V/PI double staining. Compared with the control group(4.3%),the apoptosis rate in-creased in UIO and FIO group (23.14%,27.37%) (P<0.05). In addition, the apoptosis rate was higher in FIO group than that in UIO group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the ratio of G0/G1phase cells was significantly increased and the ratio of S phase and G2/M phase was significantly decreased in UIO and FIO group (P<0.01). G0/G1phase cell ratio differences were statistically signif-icant compared with the UIO group (P<0.05) Conclusion FIO can better induce the apoptosis of HepG-2 cells than UIO.

Blended teaching design and practice based on WeChat platform in oral surgery internship / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on WeChat platform,blended teaching is designed and implemented in oral surgery practice.The undergraduate intern can get in touch with the internship early,become familiar with it early and make an internship program early.In the process of internship,they can achieve the purpose of getting more questions,more summary and more test through teaching,discussing and contesting.After the internship,they can consolidate,review,exchange and expand learning.The preliminary practice shows that the teaching stimulates the students' interest and motivation in the clinical study of oral surgery,enhances the interaction between teachers and students and the supervision of the teachers to the students,and improves the effect of the practice teaching.